The impact of farmland property rights security on the farmland investment in rural China

This paper aims to estimate the effect of the security of farmland property rights on land-attached and long-term investment. Based on the data from a nationally representative sample with 5887 plots of 1175 households among 5 provinces in rural China, we adopt Probit, Ordinary Least Squares / Tobit, and the household fixed effect methods to yield the consistent results. The results show that the security of farmland property rights have significant and positive effects on the possibility and amount of the overall farmland investment. However, it has different effects on the different types of investments. The share of farmland retained significantly affects the investments in soil quality improvement and changing use of the plots but does not affect the investment in water conservancy facilities. The types of farmland property rights affect investments in water conservancy facilities and changing use of plots, but do not affect investment in soil quality improvement. The findings imply that the Chinese government should be the principal investor in water conservancy facilities and enlarge the operational scale of farmland by facilitating farmland transfer to increase private investment.     

Informal Property Rights as Relational and Functional: Unravelling the Relational Contract in China's Informal Housing Market

In the face of state-led land grabs, enterprising Chinese peasants have started a revolution in the ambiguous and insecure rural tenure system by developing an extralegal property system known as the small property right (SPR). Using the SPR, peasants are able to capitalize on their property through the sale of houses built on collectively owned land. Little is known, however, about the specific process behind the development of the SPR by the peasants, or how this extralegal property system functions in terms of securing the use and transfer of property without the backing of law. This article aims to clarify the situation through the lenses of the Endogenous Nature of Institutions and Relational Contract Theory, aiming to understand the socially constructed, endogenous and relational nature of the property rights that make SPR functional. Based on an ethnographic investigation of Beijing's largest SPR housing settlement, we show how enterprising peasants develop long-term relational contracts with urban households for the provision of housing services, secured on the basis of the common interests and symbiosis of the two parties and a reputation system that serves to deter defaults. The discretionary treatment of SPR housing by local states serves as a further motivation for the village and the informal homeowners to preserve a stable property arrangement, with such a specific institutional setting being an exemplar of China's pragmatic state entrepreneurialism.     

我国风景资源产权及其管理的法律问题--兼论西部民族地区风景资源管理

本文认为，我国风景资源产权不明晰，所有权的实现形式和风景资源的产权管理存在着法律上的真空，所有权、管理权、经营权三权不分，导致了风景资源在旅游开发上出现种种弊端。文章论述了如何建立我国风景资源管理模式和风景资源的立法体系。     

从会计等式看产权理论在我国企业的运用

本文认为,会计等式在一定程度上反映了产权理论在企业中的运用状况。传统计划经济体制下的“企业”没有企业的本质属性,其会计等式只记录“企业”使用物质资料和物质资料在“企业”里的分布情况,国家是生产资料的完全所有者,没有产权的存在。现阶段的企业是市场经济的主体,有自己的生产经营权利,追求利润最大化,而组织活动本身又受社会主义市场经济条件下生产资料公有制的影响,其会计等式反映了一定条件下的产权关系,说明了产权理论在会计核算上的运用。文章指出,会计等式中体现的产权思想只是产权经济学的一部分,用会计等式和会计的语言说明生产要素所有者参与利益形成和分配过程的权益,即会计反映的是权力怎样计算为权益的。     

我国林权制度改革与林业要素市场的建立

林权制度改革是林业发展的关键,林业要素市场的建立使林权可交易性能够得以实现。对林权制度进行改革,建立和完善林业的产权制度,明晰产权,建立林业要素市场,优化资源配置以改善生态环境,促进林业的发展。     

试论旅游资源所有权与经营权相分离

本文在对旅游资源所有权与经营权“相分离”从理论上作出界定，并指出“不可分离”的理论已磊大落后于改革与发展实践的基础上，对“分离”的必要性、可行性从理论和实践的结合上进行了分析论证，提出了“分离”是保护和开发并重并实现二者良性循环的有机结合点的观点，对实现“分离”必须同时建立起的监管运行机制作了初步探讨。     

风景名胜资源产权辨析及使用权分割

所有权既是一个法律概念，也是一个经济概念。法律框架下的风景名胜资源的所有权并不能达到产权意义上对资源使用的约束和激励。在所有权归属不变的前提下，从资源的物质角度可以确定出比较重要的三项权利——占有权、使用权和管理权。它们在不同的经济关系中有不同的表现形式。风景名胜资源产权分割的分析表明：资源管理也可以拒绝经营权；当所有者代理人选择经营权后，选择经营者、决定转让价格、制定约束合同是产权变更的关键环节。     

The Ethics of Insider Trading Revisited

Following Manne (1966, Insider Trading and the Stock Market (New York, Free Press)) we introduce a distinction between insider trading and market manipulation on the one hand and corporate insiders versus misappropriators on the other hand. This gives rise to four types of alleged inside transactions. We argue that the literature on insider trading has often targeted inside transactions type II, III and IV but that these arguments do not necessarily hold for type I transactions. We look for consequentionalist as well as non-consequentionalist arguments against type I transactions and demonstrate that these are hard to find. Throughout the article we refer extensively to the economic literature on insider trading in order to overcome a relative divide between the economic, legal, and philosophical discussion on insider trading.

论产权制度的伦理意蕴

产权制度是划分和界定经济主体间利益关系的规则.它作为人们某种共同价值标准的物化形式,总是蕴涵着一定的伦理诉求.在对产权和伦理的内在关系、产权的人性基础、正义规则及其主体责任等方面比较全面深刻的解读后,发掘了产权制度的伦理意蕴.